SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

Answer question :

[Part-2] Information Systems Analysis and Design :

1. The purpose t of system development public :

The important.of systems development is compiling a new system to replace system old ones as a whole or improve;repair system which have there. The system old ones require to improve because, existence of problems - problems that appear in system old ones. Problems of arising out such of :

• Annoyance in growth’s system of organization
• The example of annoyance in growth’s system of organization, insincerity.and mistake which intended, its efficiency [of] operation [do] not and [do] not obey of policy of management
• Growth of organization.
• For reach the opportunitys ( opportunities)
• existence of instructions ( directives)

2. Purpose or goal of developing an information system

- to solving some problems

- reach for opportunity

- fulfilling given instruction

3. The organization’s expectations after implementing an information system

A. Performance ( performance)

Measured to use and throughput of response time. The improvement of performance in a new system make the system will be effective. Performance can be measurement from throughput and response time where throughput is amount of work of which can done certain in a moment and response time is time mean which delay between two transactions.

B. Information ( information)

The improvement of information quality which presented.

C. Economy ( economic)

Increase the benefit of vs decreasing cost.

D. Control ( operation)

The improvement of control, detecting and improve;the mistake. To detection and repairing some faults and insincerity which possible happened.

E. Efficiency ( efficiency)

The improvement of operating efficiency. Efficiency related with how to use resource without doing extravagance.

F. Services ( service)

Increase the service of system.

4. The principles of developing an information system :

o System for the management

o System is big investment

§ Investigation of all alternative ( minimizing missing cost opportunity)

§ Best investigation have to be valuable : analysis cost-benefit & analysis cost-effectiveness

o System need educated people

§ not education have to be formal

o Activity stepà System Development cycle life

o System development [do] not have to massage

o Don’t fear to cancel project

o System documentation

5. Three cycle live development of system are

a. Model of waterfall explanation :

• Requirement
• Design
• Implementation
• Verification
• Maintenance

b. Model iteratif explanation :

• Initial planning
• Planning,
• Requirement
• Analysis and design
• Implementation
• Deployment
• Testing
• Evaluation

c. Model spiral explanation :

• Determine objectives
• Identify and resolve risk
• Development and test
• Plan the next iteration

6. Approaches of developing a system

There are several approach to developing a system, that is:

Classic approach vs. structured approach :

Classic approach is approach inside of developing a system that follow stages at system life cycle without supplied with tools and techniques.
Troubleshoots which can arise from this approach, such as:

a) Difficult development.
Classic approach less give tools and techniques insides develop system and finally software development process becoming not directional and difficult to be done by programmer.

b) Treatment cost or system maintenance will be more expensive.
The expensive treatment cost at classic approach caused system documentation that developed less complete and less structured.

c) Possibility of big error.
This approach doesn't prepare to manner systems analysis to do system testing, so that system errors possibility will be bigger.

d) System achievement less well guaranteed.
Because classic approach less involve system user in system development, so system user needs are less matching with the one which desirable and as finally system that applied less success.

e) Applying internal issue.
User will be startled and unaccustomed with new system suddenly introduced.

Structured approach equipped with tools and techniques that wanted in system development, so that the end result from system which developed be got system the structure will be defined well and clear. In this approach, consumer involve from early to determine requirement of system and using tools like data of flow diagram

o Piecemeal approach vs. system approach

Piecemeal approach is system approach development that emphasized at one particular activity or certain application. This approach don't heed overall target.

System approach pays information system as integration unitary to each activity or the application. This approach also emphasized in overall goal achievement from organization, not only in that information target.

o Approach of bottom-up vs. approach of up-down

Bottom-Up Approach is begin from level under organization, that is from formulation requirements to handle transaction and climb level on with formulate information need based on transaction. Bottom-up approach is used in systems analysis steps, because of the pressure is data that be cultivated before, information that be produced will follow the data. Up-Down Approach on the contrary with bottom-up approach, this approach is begin from level up organization, that is begun with define target and organization policy. Step furthermore from this approach information need analysis. After information is determined, so process goes to transaction processing, that is determination output, input, data base, operating procedure and control. This approach be feature from structured approach. Top-down approach when used in systems analysis stage called also with term decision analysis, because that be pressure information that wanted for decision making by management beforehand, then data necessary cultivated to defined to follow information that wanted.

o Total-system approach vs. modular approach

Total-system approach to be approach develops system together according to comprehensive. This approach less synchronized for complex system, because will be difficult be developed. This approach be feature classic approaches.
Modular Approach tries to divide complex system to simple some part, so that system easier will be understood and developed. Furthermore consequence system can be developed of time that planned, easy understood by system user and easy to maintain. This approach be feature structured approaches.

o great-loop approach vs. evolutionary approach

Great-loop approach applies change comprehensive according to together use sophisticated technology. This change contains many risks, because computer technology so great-loop. This approach also too expensive, because need investment at the same moment for all technology that used and difficult to developed because too complex. Evolutionary approach apply sophisticated technology just for applications that need that moment and then be developed for periods next based on technology development. This approach causes investment not too expensive and can follow fast technology development.

7. The meaning of methodology, method and algorithm :

o What is methodology?

Method those are utilized in scholarship

o What is method?

Someway systematic to work something

o What is algorithm?

Medley procedural to solves a problems

8. The classifications of development methodology

There are three classifications of developing a system, such as:

• Functional decomposition

Functional decomposition is emphasizing system resolving becomes subsystem. Examples of this classification are HIPO, Stepwise refinement, iterative stepwise refinement and information hiding.

• Data-oriented

Data-oriented is emphasizing on processed data characteristic.

• Flow oriented data: types appropriate modules data elements

• Structure oriented data: input structure and output

• Prescriptive

Usually been provided by software maker factory.

9. Tools for developing a system :

a) Get graph form: HIPO, SADT, Jackson’s diagrams, etc.

b) Tool that utilizes to design:

§ Activity charting: figuring activity, example: chart's substituting, flowchart, etc.

§ Layout charting: figuring layout

§ Personal relationship charting: figuring person relationship, example: organization chart, working distribution chart

10. Technique In System Development

Techniques that can be used in development system, that is:

- Project management technique, that is CPM (Critical Path Method) and pert (program evaluation and review technique). This technique is used for project scheduling.

- Fact finding techniques, that is technique that can be used to gather data and find facts in study existing system, that is:
* Interview
* Observation
* Questionnaire
* Sample collecting

- Cost-effectiveness analysis or cost benefit analysis

- Technique to run meeting

- Technique inspection/walkthrough.

11. The differences of being a system analyst and a programmer and the knowledge a system analyst should posses :

System analyst studying problems and determine system user requirements to identify resolving.

Programmer writing program code bases engineering that made by analyst

- System analyst on call bridges distinctive happening science among system user and Data processing technology, computer and mathematics

- Science carries on business in common

- Quantitative method: regression, programming linear, etc. it

- Trouble-shooting membership

- Communication membership among person

Membership builds relationship among person programmer

By :

Febri Saputra